Contents:

  1. Learning Outcomes
  2. Definitions
  3. Components of the Balance of Payments Accounts
  4. Effect of Macroeconomic Policies on the Balance of Payments
  5. Difference between Expenditure-Switching and Expenditure-Reducing Policies

Candidates should be able to:

Definitions

Net errors and omissions These show the imbalances brought on by errors in the sources of the data and the compilation of the balance of payments accounts
Capital account A record of the transfers of ownership of fixed assets and of non-financial assets
Financial account A record of how much money is invested abroad by the citizens of a country and how much is brought in
Expenditure switching policies Measures that result in a decrease in imports and a rise in the consumption of items made domestically
Expenditure reducing policies Measures that are employed to decrease consumer purchasing power in order to restore balance of payments equilibrium
Both monetary (interest rates) and fiscal (taxes) policies may be involved
Nominal exchange rate The rate at which one currency is converted into another. Sometimes, it is simply referred to as the foreign exchange rate
Real exchange rate A currency's worth in terms of what it can actually be used to purchase
Trade weighted exchange rate A weighted index that displays the relative importance of trade between a nation and its trading partners
Purchasing power parity A method of displaying the exchange rate that compares the prices of a typical basket of items in two different countries

13.1 Components of the Balance of Payments Accounts

In order to facilitate cross-country comparisons, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has a suggested format for the presenting of a nation's balance of payments accounts.

An organised list of all economic transactions between a certain nation and the rest of the globe is kept in the balance of payments account. There are three parts to the balance of payments accounts:

  1. Current Account